Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature
The Archetypes of Literature (1951): Northrop Frye

 
1. In literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as universal symbol, may be a character, a theme, a symbol or even a setting. Many literary critics are of the opinion that archetypes, which have a common and recurring representation in a particular human culture or entire human race, shape the structure and function of a literary work.

2. In this Fry is trying to prove that literature can be study systematically, and criticism can be the organized body of knowledge. As physics as a branch of knowledge learns Nature, but only partially, and not in totality. Physics is an organisd body of knowledge about nature, and a student of it says that he is learning physics, not that he is learning nature. So in this way Frye tries to prove that physics cAn be taught but nature is at the centre of it.
3. History and Philosophy always remains with literature.History and philosophy both the things are different. As we know that criticism as an organized body of knowledge & we finds that literature is the central division of the ‘ humanities’ balanced on one side by history & on the anther side by philosophy , the systematic mental organization of the subject that the conceptacle framework of the historian for events and to that of the philosopher for ideas.
4. The use of inductive method in the foreground of the grave-digger scene in Hamlet , for instance , is an intricate verbal texture ,ranging from the puns of the first clown to the danse macabre of the yorick soliloquy.one step back,and we are in the Wilson knight and spurgeon group of critics, listening to the study rain of images of corruption and decay. The inducative method with illustration of Shakespeare’s hamlet’s grave digger’s scene.
5. The deductive method of analysis deals with the established meaning of work from the general truth to particular truth. So to explain deductive method of analysis here Frye illustrates Music and Painting.
6.here the example of Indian seasonal poem .
ફાગણની કાળઝાળ સુક્કી વેળામાં તારું પહેલા વરસાદ સમું આવવું
હવે આંખોને કેમ રે ભુલાવવું
બળતે બપ્પોર ભીનો પગરવ સૂણીને
કાંઈ વાસ્યા કમાડ અમે ખોલ્યાં
ચારે આંખોના એવાં અંધાર્યા વાદળાં
કે શમણે આવેલ મોર બોલ્યા
ઓચિંતા ધોધમાર સામસામે આપણે ઊભાં રહ્યાંનું પૂર આવવું
ફળિયે પલાશ ફૂલ નીતરતું ઝાડ
અને હું રે વેરાઈ જઉં રાનમાં
મારી હથેળીમાંય એવી રેખાઓ
જેવી રેખાઓ ખાખરાના પાનમાં
લીંબોળી વાવીને છાંયડા ઊછેરું પણ ચોમાસું કેમ કરી વાવવું?
ફાગણની કાળઝાળ બળતી વેળામાં તારું પહેલા વરસાદ સમું આવવું
હવે આંખોને કેમ રે ભુલાવવું
રમેશ પારેખ