Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature
The Archetypes of Literature (1951): Northrop Frye
Monday, 20 March 2017
The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes.
The Sense of an Ending byJulian Barnes.
The Sense of an Ending is a 2011 novel written by
British author Julian Barnes. The Sense of an Ending by Julian
Barnes an English novelist won 2011 Man Booker Prize. This is Eleventh
novel of writer. This novel was released on 4th August 2011in the United
Kingdom. This novel is based on memory of writer (narrator). That how narrator recalls
his past (memory) and that create a sequence of accident and that makes a twist
in the story. Thus the novel based on Memory of narrator.
1.'Blood Money' in
Veronica's answer email implies It was the cash that Sarah Ford offered it to
Tony where there is something hidden intention was there and as it also shows
some relations like Sarah Ford is responsible for Adrin's suicide so
that’s why Veronica called Blood money.
2. The equation Means b =baby or young Adrian,
s = Sarah,
V= Veronica,
a= Adrian.
b = s – v x/+ a1 means, Young Adrian,
b is a result of Sarah's relationship with Adrian
(x/+) with breaking relationship with Veronica(-).
a2 + v + a1 X s = b? a2 means Anthony \ It says relationship
of Tony with Veronica, and her relationship with Adrian. And Adrian and Sarah's
relationship multiplies b means gave birth to baby or young Adrian.
Adrian's diary is with Sarah. Their relationship is an
effect of Tony's letter. So, she willed it to Tony. But Veronica knows all the
things. even she can view that the reason of young Adrian's suffering is also
three of them. One thing that stood out on rereading the book is that Sarah
Ford doesn't look much like Veronica. She is much taller and is
facially dissimilar. She also acts differently to the rest of the Ford clan and
seems to take against her own daughter.
Adrian character is not a person to lose
mental condition and felt in trauma because the way Tony portrayed his
character as sharp with history knowledge and very intelligent student of
college. So there is very minor chance that Finn loses his mental condition.
I think there is one reason of Adrian's suicide
is the guilt of having relationship with Sara ford and because she got
pregnancy in very mature age the child is born as a deformed child and Sara has
also suffer a lot. so the guilt is one of the valid reason for his suicide.
The first thing is whatever he said is
only his point of view and his way looking towards life. Second thing is we
can’t remember all things which happened in our past so here we can say that
memory isn't unreliable or imperfect. We can say that Tony is unreliable
narrator because he talk about his memory and memory are not always trustworthy
sometimes it is not true.
ONLINE discussion 2: Ancient vs Modern: Isn't it stupid to think who is better?
I think both are right to their own position. There are both are important to their own positions of society. Many time we saw that ancient is better than modern but that is not reliable truth. Sometime ancient very useful to understand many of things and then sometime modern is to help our works or many other things.
Online Discussion 3: Quotes of Virginia Woolf: My top 3 quotes.
1. " A woman must have money and room of her own if she is to write fiction."
Total freedom of women come only when she is economically free. If she is dependent economically to other how she manage herself and work also.
2. "They can because they think they can."
It is very important to have faith in oneself. If we think we can then definitely we can do something and can also overcome our problems.
3. "If you do not tell the truth about yourself. You can not tell it about other people."
A person must have true to his/her self. If we are not judeging our self with honesty, we have no right to judge other people.
Online Discussion: Gender Bias in Temples
I am agree with this point. In many temples woman not allowed. Some temples like the temple of Shiva, Swaminarayan,and the temple of Muslims where women aren’t allowed to enter in some prohibited areas.
A common counter to this argument is that temples are public places and thus denying entry to anybody based on gender, race, religion, caste or creed violates a constitutional right, opening up the debate for non-believers.
Online Duscuaaion 1: Irfan Habib Historian Interview
and Caste Politics and Ashoka in Bihar
In the first
article Habib presented the Indian history. in the first article Habib
presented the indian history .and he of religion and that s way many
types of controversy out in society and also some kind of political aspects out
and many other things we can't bring out people from this.
Do politicians really care about history, or Ashoka?
Arguably the political maneuvering of laying claims on the legacy of a
historical figure to win votes and power, says volumes about the what the
politicians and political parties think of people.
Theme of Love and Death in Harry Potter:
Love and death are
major themes in J.K.Rowling’s Harry Potter books. She herself has said in
a recent interview in recent interview in The Tatler magazine
that “My books are largely about death.” And in Harry Potter and the
Half-Blood Prince, one of J.K. Rowling’s chosen spokespersons, Professor
Dumbledore, impresses upon Harry that his “ability to love” is “ the
only protection that can possibly work against the lure of power like
Voldemort’s.”
Rowling offers a
number of reflections on death and its meaning. At the very start of the narrative
we hear that Harry’s parents have died, and in due course both we and
Harry learn that they were murdered. Love is the significant theme in
Harry Potter series. Harry loved all, and was loved by all. Love plays very
important role in Voldemort's ruin than he or Harry understand.“Voldemort also
unwittingly ensures that Harry is tied to life while Voldemort lives by taking
some of his blood in the hope that he will be able to gain some of the
protection that lingers in Harry as a result of Lily sacrifice.
The topic of
adoration outperforming passing started in the primary book of the arrangement,
and is completely acknowledged in the Deathly Hallows.Harry grapples with his
imminent death after finding out that he must die in order to destroy
Voldemort: “It would all be gone…or at least, he would be gone from it. His
breath came slow and deep, and his mouth and throat were completely dry, but so
were his eyes.”
Children’s Literature and Harry Potter
Harry Potter
is children Literature and Harry Potter is also the likely books for childern
because Harry potter character is young to elder and magical and incredible
books and children literature are also the fantacy books. the whole
"magical" plot. The books are generally placed in the childrens
section. As the books grew in number, the plot grew darker. they are
called "children's books" because of the moral lessons that are in
them.
Feminist reading of Harmione’s character in Harry Potter
Hermione is the ideal case when examining the feminist
principles in the novels. Harmione is innocent as she selected by Krum but she
has not courage or choice to select by her will. Ron and Harry felt that if
Hermione is not with them then they can’t sometimes come out of such situation
but they don’t want to realize it to Hermione.
Hermione a protagonist may be because of patriarchal society
or she may thought women as less powerful or intelligent than the man.or may be
society will not accept this.
Saturday, 18 March 2017
Gaban by Munshi Premchand
Gaban by Munshi Premchand
Gaban is a Hindi novel by Munshi Premchand, written in 1931. Through this novel, he try to show the declining moral values among lower middle class Indian youth in the era of British India, and to what height a person can get to, to reach the world of elite class,and uphold the false image as a rich person. The novel is a broad examination of centre class insincerity and weakness especially among men.Premchand paints in rich shades of grey unlike the bulk of the cinema of the time.By complementary the relatively higher moral ground busy by a low-caste character called Devideen , with Ramaa’s many weaknesses, he seems to be making a comment about the petit bourgeoisie of the time .This is also a novel about the inherent strength of women and how a faulty understanding of their psyche and considering them as mere objects, lead to the downfall of Indian society.
Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift
Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift
Gulliver's Travels is a prose satire by Irish Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature.Gulliver's Travels is the story of the adventures of Lemuel Gulliver, the narrator and protagonist of the story. Gulliver is a married surgeon from Nottinghamshire, England, who has a taste for traveling. He works as a surgeon on ships and eventually becomes a ship captain.
In the beginning of the story, Gulliver
explains to the reader a bit about his background, why he was on these journeys
to begin with, and where he finds himself at the beginning of his tale. When
Gulliver reaches the land of Brobdinag, he finds himself in the exact opposite
situation that he was in when in Lilliput. In Brobdinag, it is Gulliver who is
the tiny person, and the inhabitants of that land who appear to be giants.
Gulliver visits the land of Laputa. The stories that are contained within are a
satire on specific figures and policies of the British government of the period
in which Swift lived. When Gulliver reaches the land of the Houyhnhnms, we read
a very fine story that we can still relate to today. There is a distinction
made between the two type of people Gulliver encounters in this land.
When one reads this story in the light of
it being a satire, the stories are still humorous, but one realizes that Swift
was making a public statement about the affairs of England and of the human
race as a whole.
A tempest by Aimé Césaire.
A tempest by Aimé Césaire.
A tempest is
a 1969 play by Aimé Césaire. It is an version of Shakespeare's The
Tempest from a postcolonial point of view. A Tempest by Aime
Cesaire is an effort to confront and redraft the idea of colonialism as
presented in Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’. He is successful at this attempt by
changing the point of view of the story. He made some changes in this play and
tells the result deal with it. In the way of this play, we are going to discuss
about Cultural conflict, discourse in characters and constriction of this play.
It is also good to see the relationship between master and slave and how the
writer has portrayed.
A
Tempest is the third play in a trilogy aimed at advancing the tenets of
the negritude movement. In 1985, the play was translated into English by
Richard Miller and had its American premiere in 1991 at the Ubu Repertory
Theater in New York after having been performed in France, the Middle East,
Africa, and the West Indies. A Tempest focuses on the plight of Ariel and
Caliban—the never-ending quest to gain freedom from Prospero and his rule over
the island. Ariel, dutiful to Prospero, follows all orders given to him and
sincerely believes that Prospero will honor his promise of emancipation.
Caliban, on the other hand, slights Prospero at every opportunity: upon
entering the first act, Caliban greets Prospero by saying “Uhuru!”, the Swahili
word for “freedom.” Prospero complains that Caliban often speaks in his native
language which Prospero has forbidden.
Orientalism
Orientalism by Edward W. Said
Orientalism is a 1978 book by Edward W. Said, in which the author studies the cultural representations that are the bases of Orientalism.Orientalism revolutionized the study of the Middle East and helped to create and shape entire new fields of study such as Post-Colonial theory as well influencing disciplines as diverse as English,History, Anthropology, Political Science and Cultural Studies. Orientalism is that the way that we acquire this knowledge isnot innocent or objective but the end result of a process that reflects certain interests.Said argues that the way the West, Europe and the U.S. looks at the countries and peoples of the Middle East is through a lens that distorts the actual reality of those places and those people. He calls this lens through which we view that part of the world Orientalism.Professor Said's analysis of Orientalism isn't just a description of its content but a sustained argument for why it looks the way it does. It's an examination of the quite concrete, historical and institutional context that creates it. Specifically Said locates the construction of Orientalism within the history of Imperial conquest
. “Orentalism can be
discussed and analyzed as the corporate institution for dealing with the orient
dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing view of it,
describing it,by teaching short orientalism as a western style for dominating,
restructuring and having authority over the orient.” -Edward
said.
The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga
The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga
The White Tiger is the debut novel by Indian
author Aravind Adiga. It was first published in 2008 and won the 40th Man
Booker Prize in the same year. The story is framed as a letter to the prime
minister of China from a man who calls himself the “White Tiger.” Born as
Balram Halwai, the “White Tiger” grows up in Laxmangarh, an poor, rural region
along the Ganges River. Balram refers to his hometown as “The Darkness.” During
a surprise inspection, a school official dubs Balram a “white tiger” for his outstanding
intelligence. But despite his promise, Balram is forced to drop out of school
and work in a tearoom to support his family. He overhear customers chatting
about chauffeur salaries and convince his family to pay for driving classes. In
swap, he agrees to send money home to his family each month.
Aravind Adiga's
novel The White Tiger challenges definitions of Indian identity with a narrator
who comes from a past of unknown of name and birthday with a fate as a member
of the lower caste. Arvind Adiga has not single point remained to show the
Indianess like Globalization, Democracy, Dowry system, corruption , rich urban
communities, entrepreneurs, politics and religion. In reality or such writers
present the pastoral image are far better but here the things are change as
city is better as it is generally thought by Indian
.
Balram was poor and
had every experience of lower class people so he developed his own ethics to
become rich. Gandhi hurt when British throw him out of train so he starts
revolutionary act against British. Balram’s story is the Archetype of all
stories of ‘rags to riches’. Balram has decided to share his own story of
entrepreneurial success. Arvind Adiga present reality of life or
India.Text itself gives hint to deconstruct the text. we can say that the use
of language itself the deconstruct the text.
One Night @ the Call Center by Chetan Bhagat
One Night @ the Call Center by Chetan Bhagat
One Night @ the Call Center is a novel written by Chetan Bhagat and first published in 2005. The story of One night at call center moves around six people . Three are male and three and females . All of them are working in a same group in a call center .They all are different from each other but they have a similarity in them that all of them are fed up with their lives and their lives are very messy.This story is about a night at call center which changes the lives of all the people , not lives actually it changes their way of thinking .It changes their way to deal with the problems of their lives.
ON@TCC largely
deals with the issues of the modern time. In Chetan Bhagat’s many of the works
we find that the protagonists of his novels undergo from the different
problems. Like in this novel in we see that these six characters suffer and
issues like call centre globalization, anti-Americans, Nationalism. Chetan
Bhagat makes interesting use of prologue and epilogue in this novel. Chetan
Bhagat has a unique style for the narrative structure of the novel. Shyam
narrates the novel. plot governed by law of probability problem of dues ex
machine – the God – solved within the narrative by giving alternative to read
the novel compare with other similar experiments.
In this book
writer talks about the problems of the characters in which god call them and
give solution to the characters. God knows everyone’s problem in same way here
in this book we find God tells them not to worry about your problem but you
have to face the all problems and also gave confidence to challenge the
problems.
“Waiting for Godot” by Samuel Beckett
“Waiting for Godot” by Samuel Beckett
Samuel Beckett is a renowned Irish dramatist and novelist. “Waiting for Godot” is his well-known play. The play is one of the classic works of theatre of absurd. According to the play, a human being's life is totally dependent on chance, and, by extension, time is meaningless. Beckett also deals with nothingness in Waiting for Godot it shows some deep meaning in life in different way. His pen name was Andrew Belis. This paper provides a brief overview of Theatre of absurd. The play Theatre of absurd lack a logical and conventional structure which is the representation of absurd predicament.
Samuel Beckett was
inspired from the painting of Casper David Friedrich,these two painting
Provides the idea of plot in the play. The setting is in the evening on a
county road with a single tree presents.
“Nothingness”is a central theme of this play. In play
waiting for godot, two characters are repetitive of this dialogues ‘Nothing to
be done’ And repetitive of action we found like On a country road , by a tree,
two old tramps, Vladimir and Estrangon , are waiting. But we can interpret
“nothingness in to something,there is hope that something will happened good.
Friday, 17 March 2017
The Fakeer of Jungheer by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
The Fakeer of Jungheer by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
The Fakeer of Jungheer is a long poem by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. He was born on 18th April, 1809 in Kolkatta, West Bengal. He was a lecturer and poet. He is considered to be an academic and educator During his time Literary Movement of Bengal Renaissance was undergoing. He was an Indian poet and assistant head principal at the Hindu College of kolkatta. He was a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to distribute western Education and science among the young men of Bengal. He died of Cholera at the age of 22.
Long
after his death, his influence lived among his former student, who came to be
known as young Bengal and many of whom became prominent in social reform law
and journalism. Inspired by the scenic beauty of the river Ganga, he started
writing poetry. He was generally considered an Anglo-Indian being of mixed
partuguese desent, but he was fired by patriotic spirit for his native Bengal
and considered himself Indian.
Paradise Lost by John Milton
Paradise Lost by John Milton
Paradise Lost is the well-known epic by
17th-century English poet John Milton. Published in 1667, the poem tells the
story of Satan’s revolt against God, his exclusion from Heaven along with the
rest of the rebel angels, and how he tempted Adam and Eve to eat of the
forbidden fruit and fall from grace Its sequel, Paradise Regained, tells
the story of Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness by Satan and how he resisted
the Devil’s blandishments, thus passing on humanity’s behalf the test which
Adam and Eve failed.
Paradise Lost is an epic in every sense
of the word: vast and determined in range, powerful and moving in its language,
bright in its depiction, its plot taking place inevitably from the first
couple’s first bliss to their ultimate tragic fall. Milton’s Satan is one of
the most three-dimensional characters in anything I have ever read. As a work
of fiction, it is superb.
Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus
Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus
The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, usually referred to simply as Doctor Faustus, is an Elizabethan tragedy by Christopher Marlowe, based on German stories about the title character Faust, that was first performed sometime between 1588 and Marlowe's death in 1593. Two different versions of the play were published in the Jacobean era, several years later.
The powerful effect of early productions of
the play is indicated by the legends that quickly accrued around them—that
actual devils once appeared on the stage during a performance, "to the
great wonder of both the actors and spectators", a sight that was said to
have driven some audience mad.
Marlowe’s play Doctor
Faustus is generally considered his greatest. The play shares certain
elements with its forebear, the medieval morality play: the opposing
admonishments of good and bad angels; the characters of Lucifer and
Mephostophilis; and the appearance of the Seven Deadly Sins. Yet it breaks with
tradition in two important respects: in the sympathy evoked for the straying
hero, and in the questions raised against the cosmic order of conventional
Christian doctrine.
Raja Rao’s novel Kanthapura
Raja Rao’s novel Kanthapura
Raja Rao’s novel Kanthapura (1938) is the
first major Indian novel in English. It is a fantasy but realistic account of
how a great majority of people in India lived their lives under the British
rule and how they responded to the ideas and ideals of Indian
nationalism. Kanthapura depicts the story of an Indian village during the
British Raj, especially how Gandhi’s struggle for freedom came to a typical
village, Kanthapura which is an imaginary village like Hardy’s Wessex. The novel
is narrated in form of a sthal purana by an old lady in the village,
Achakka. Author follows the traditional Indian narrative technique here.
'Kanthapura' portrays the participation of a small village of South India in
the national struggle called for by Mahatma Gandhi. Imbued with nationalism,
the villagers sacrifice all their material possessions in a triumph of the
spirit, showing how in the Gandhian movement people shed their narrow
prejudices and united in the common cause of the non-violent civil resistance
to the British Raj.
Frankenstein
Frankenstein; by marry Shelley.
Frankenstein; or, The Modern
Prometheus is a novel written by the English author Shelley. she
started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition of the novel
was published secretly in London in 1818, when she was 20. Shelley's name first
appeared on the second edition, published in France in 1823.Frankenstien is a
story with many ideas. The main being scientists should not play god and
judging by appearances.
The author Mary Shelley brings these
ideas to light through a story about an ambitious inventor named Frankenstien
and his creation the monster. Frankenstien has spent many years trying to
create something better than human-angelic even but the outcome is not what he
expects when he creates what appears to be a monster.
After being abandoned by his creator the monster goes in search of
love and friendship but soon finds out that life doesn’t work that way the
story follows his search for friendship and his downfall.
To the lighthouse by Virginia Woolf
To the light house is a 1927 novel by Virginia Woolf. The novel focuses on the Ramsays and their visits to the Isle of Skye in Scotland somewhere around 1910 and 1920.
“To the Lighthouse”(1927) is a novel of childhood, a summer house, intellectual life and art. In which the passage of time is set by the consciousness of the characters rather than the big bong of a clock. The events of a single afternoon are narrated in over half the book, while the events of the following ten years are compressed in few pages. In the novel nothing happens actually; all the events take place in the characters’ minds.
Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse that deals with the topic of how the characters establish relationships among them, and how they are many times unsuccessful. What this analysis will try to add is report how gender roles expectations play a crucial part in the inadequacy of character relationships in the novel. Also, to answer how these conflicts are resolved, or not resolved, in the novel.
The Da Vinci Code
The Da Vinci Code reveals the two sides of the
coin that makes a mythical symbol mysterious, unattainable and yet so
tantalizingly real. One the one hand the goal must inspired us to reach beyond
the every day world toward a greater reality where mystical quotations and
moral certitude rest alongside abundance and healing and the sacred space also.
The hero of a
story is the main character who usually undergoes some sort of change. In the
novel we can see that Sophie and Langdon are both the protagonists of the plot.
They work together to uncover the clues about the Grail and Sophie’s family.
The antagonist of the novel is Leigh Teabing or the Teacher. Robert Langdon is
a professor of symbology and a writer of several books. If we do an Atheist reading
than Leigh Teabing can be consider as a protagonist. As he is interested in
studying history of Christianity, because his character deals an idea which is
also center of the novel.
The character
of Sophie is portrayed well in comparison to other films. If we talk about
significance and importance of the characters then we must think of
"Scarlet Letters" Hester Prynne, because
she crosses social boundaries and similarly Sophie's character in
this movie doing the same thing.It shows positive impact of
the characterization.
Narration of
studied Paradise Lost and The Da Vinci Code, In Paradise Lost Milton wrote on
Eve and Adam. Eve is responsible for fall of Adam. Paradise Lost tries to show
rationally with given Eve some space. But it also decline women. We can say
about ‘The Da Vinci Code’ breaks human faith with showing history of Christianity.
Here Brown’s novel Da Vinci Code has all historical issues and reference strong
evidence. Mary Magdalene’s role in the Bible is very short but her role in ‘
The Da Vinci Code’ is rather long and important one. Brown is trying to
prove that Mary Magdalene was the favorite of all the Disciples of Christ.
The Sense of an Ending
Respected Sir,
1.'Blood Money' in Veronica's answer email
implies It was the cash that Sarah Ford offered it to Tony where there is
something hidden intention was there and as it also shows some relations like
Sarah Ford is responsible for Adrin's suicide so that’s why Veronica
called Blood money.
2. The equation Means b =baby or young
Adrian,
s =
Sarah,
V=
Veronica,
a= Adrian.
b = s – v x/+ a1 means, Young Adrian,
b is
a result of Sarah's relationship with Adrian (x/+) with breaking relationship
with Veronica(-).
a2 + v + a1 X s = b? a2 means Anthony \ It
says relationship of Tony with Veronica, and her relationship with Adrian. And
Adrian and Sarah's relationship multiplies b means gave birth to baby or young
Adrian.
Adrian's diary is with Sarah. Their relationship
is an effect of Tony's letter. So, she willed it to Tony. But Veronica knows
all the things. even she can view that the reason of young Adrian's suffering
is also three of them. One thing that stood out on rereading the book is that
Sarah Ford doesn't look much like Veronica. She is much taller
and is facially dissimilar. She also acts differently to the rest of the Ford
clan and seems to take against her own daughter.
Adrian character is not a person to lose
mental condition and felt in trauma because the way Tony portrayed his
character as sharp with history knowledge and very intelligent student of
college. So there is very minor chance that Finn loses his mental condition.
I think there is one reason of
Adrian's suicide is the guilt of having relationship with Sara ford and because
she got pregnancy in very mature age the child is born as a deformed child and
Sara has also suffer a lot. so the guilt is one of the valid reason for his
suicide.
The first thing is whatever he said is
only his point of view and his way looking towards life. Second thing is we
can’t remember all things which happened in our past so here we can say that
memory isn't unreliable or imperfect. We can say that Tony is unreliable
narrator because he talk about his memory and memory are not always trustworthy
sometimes it is not true.
Friday, 10 February 2017
Ghashiram Kotwal by Vijay Tendulkar
Ghashiram Kotwal by Vijay Tendulkar
Ghashiram Kotwal is a Marathi
play written by playwright Vijay Tendulkar in 1972 as a response to
the rise of a local political party, Shiv Sena, in Maharashtra.The
play is a political satire, written as historical drama. It is based
on the life of Nana Phadnavis one of the prominent ministers in the
court of the Peshwa of Pune. Its theme is how men in power give rise
to ideologies to serve their purposes, and later destroy them when
they become useless.
The
play “ghashiram
kotwal”
simply brings out decadent morality in blind
pursuit of power.it’s
a powerful comment on the 'society'
irrelevant of the time or an era. tendulkar’s courage lies in the
fact that he had the grit to show this mirror to the charlatan
society knowing fully well that they would cringe. the play also
demonstrates that if‘nana’
was bad ‘ghashiram’
was no different if not worse when given the opportunity. the play,
if read carefully, makes subtle comments on criminal jurisprudence as
a whole too.
This is not a
historical play .It is a story, in prose,verse,music,and dance set in
a historicalra.Ghashirams are creations of socio-political forces
which know no barriers of time and place.Although based on a
historical legend, I have no intention of commenting on the morals or
lack of them, of the Peshwa, Nana Phadnavis or Ghashiram. The moral
of this story, if there is any,may be looked for elsewhere.
The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri
The Namesake is the first novel by Jhumpa Lahiri. It was
originally a novella published in The New Yorker and was later
expanded to a full-length novel. It explores many of the same
emotional and cultural themes as her Pulitzer Prize-winning short
story collection Interpreter of Maladies. Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter
of Maladies established this young writer as one the most brilliant
of her generation. Her stories are one of the very few debut works --
and only a handful of collections -- to have won the Pulitzer Prize
for fiction. Among the many other awards and honors it received were
the New Yorker Debut of the Year award, the PEN/Hemingway Award, and
the highest critical praise for its grace, acuity, and compassion in
detailing lives transported from India to America.
The novel's
finely wrought descriptions of Bengali food, language, family
customs, and Hindu rituals draw us deep inside the culture that
Gogol's parents treasure while highlighting his alienation from it.
Gogol finishes school, becomes an architect, falls in love more than
once, and eventually marries, without ever fully embracing his
heritage. His decades-long unease with his name is a perfect
distillation of the multiple dislocations—cultural, historic, and
familial—experienced by first-generation Americans. At the novel's
climax, when loss compounds loss and Gogol's family structure is
forever changed, he begins to understand, at least in part, his
parents' longing for the past, and the sacrifices they made to help
him be what he is—truly American.
The Nightingale and The Rose
The Nightingale
and The Rose
The Nightingale
and The Rose is a heartbreaking story about the nature of love and
sacrifice. At the beginning of the story, we are given the impression
that the love between the student and the girl is a true love. Later,
we are struck with the truth. Their love turns out to be a shallow
one based on materialistic happiness. At the end the student gives up
on his love because it was not true in the first place.
An allegorical fable of love, sacrifice and selfishness. As with
all of Wilde's short stories it embodies strong moral values and is
told with an effervescence akin to that of the 1001 nights.
It is the tale of a lovestruck student who must provide his lover
with a red rose in order to win her heart. A nightingale overhearing
his lament from a solitary oak tree is filled with sorrow and
admiration all at once, and decides to help the poor young man.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness is a novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph
Conrad, about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State,
in the heart of Africa, by the story's narrator Marlow.Dark allegory
describes Marlow’s journey up the Congo River and his meeting with,
and fascination by, Mr. Kurtz, a mysterious personage who dominates
the unruly inhabitants of the region. Masterly blend of adventure,
character development, psychological penetration. Considered by many
Conrad’s finest, most enigmatic story.
The impending gloom of night and foul weather is common to find
in Heart of Darkness, especially when Marlow takes a moment to
collect his thoughts or to assess his surroundings. This natural
shadow is seen extensively in the African jungles, a wilderness
impenetrable even by sunlight, as you can see in the modern-day image
on screen.
The
unrestrained advances of European nations into the heart of Africa
represent these same human urges, but on an exponentially larger
scale. This map represents the extent European imperialism had
reached in Africa, with most of the territory being claimed by one
country or another by 1898, the approximate time frame for the story.
Thursday, 9 February 2017
Othello by William Shakespeare
Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare
Othello (The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is
a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written
in 1603. It is based on the story Un Capitano Moro ("A Moorish
Captain") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published
in 1565.
The play opens in Venice, Italy with Iago, the play's
villain, and Roderigo, a man who is paying Iago to help him in his romantic
pursuit of Desdemona, arguing about Desdemona's recent marriage to Othello.
Iago assures Roderigo that Desdemona will soon become bored with Othello and
then Roderigo will have his chance with her.
Othello is
unusual among Shakespeare's tragedies because much of it is set up like a
typical Shakespearean comedy. A tragedy is a play that focuses on
unfortunate events and that ends unhappily, while a Shakespearian comedy almost
always deals with love and marriage, has a plot that hinges on deception and
disguises, and has a setting that is outside of civilization where supernatural
events can take place and the characters are not held to the normal rules of
society. Othello contains all of the elements of a comedy, but
instead of ending in marriage, the play ends in multiple deaths including that
of the tragic hero, Othello.
Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy
Far from the Madding Crowd is Thomas Hardy
Far from the
Madding Crowd is Thomas Hardy's fourth novel and his first major
literary success. It originally appeared anonymously as a monthly serial in Cornhill
Magazine, where it gained a wide readership.
This book is set
in the 1870s, following a women called Bathsheba Everdene. The book follows her
life as she takes a position as a farmer with a big estate. Due to Bathsheba
being as bold as she is, three suitors are drawn to her and ask for her hand in
marriage. Thomas Hardy really goes into detail about the setting of the book,
because as a reader it means that you can create a visual image and it
definitely improves the reading experience.
The novel was
listed at number 48 on the BBC's survey The Big Read in 2003.
The book finished 10th on the Guardian's list of greatest love
stories of all time in 2007.The novel has been dramatized several times,
notably in an Oscar-nominated 1967 film directed by John
Schlesinger. From Wikipedia
His novel
thematizes the importance of man's connection to, and understanding of, the
natural world. Gabriel Oak embodies Hardy's ideal of a life in harmony with the
forces of the natural world. His novel thematizes the importance of man's
connection to, and understanding of, the natural world. Gabriel Oak embodies
Hardy's ideal of a life in harmony with the forces of the natural world. The
novel also contemplates the relationship between luck, or chance, and moral
responsibility: Why should we live a morally upright life if tragedy strikes us
all equally anyway?
Kim by Rudyard Kipling
Kim by Rudyard Kipling
The novel takes place at a time contemporary to the book's
publication; its setting is India under the British Empire. The title character
is a boy of Irish descent who is orphaned and grows up independently in the
streets of India, taken care of by a "half-caste" woman.
The story
unfolds against the backdrop of The Great Game, the political
conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia. The novel made the term
"Great Game" popular and introduced the theme of great power rivalry
and intrigue.
The ideal of the equality
and unity of men echoes across several motifs in Kim, most notably through the Buddhist teachings of Teshoo Lama.
John A. McClure writes in his essay “Kipling’s Richest Dream,” “In Kim . . . brotherhood and despotism keep
uneasy company.” In other words, the finely crafted portrayal of unity and
equality Kipling develops between “native” and “Sahib” conflicts with the
unavoidable fact that the British are the governing class, and the Indians are
the governed.
Wednesday, 1 February 2017
Tughlaq by Girish Karnad
Tughlaq by Girish Karnad
Tughlaq by Girish Karnad Originally written in Kannada in 1964 while Girish Karnad was studying at Oxford and translated into English by the author himself, Tughlaq is one of the most critically acclaimed plays ever staged in India. Tughlaqis based on the historical character of Muhammad Tughlaq who ruled India in the 14th century and he was called mad Tughlaq. Girish Karnad in his play has shown him as a man of opposites, the ideal and the real; the divine aspiration and the deft intrigue.
The play Tughlaq explores the series of events that led to the downfall of one of the most fascinating kings to occupy the throne in Delhi, namely, Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq. The protagonist, Mohammad bin tughlaq, known for his reformist, ‘ahead of his times’ ideas had a grand vision, but his reign was an abject failure. He started his rule with great ideals of a unified India. Yet in 20 years his reign had degenerated into an anarchy and his kingdom had become a “kitchen of death”.
Tughlaq by Girish Karnad Originally written in Kannada in 1964 while Girish Karnad was studying at Oxford and translated into English by the author himself, Tughlaq is one of the most critically acclaimed plays ever staged in India. Tughlaqis based on the historical character of Muhammad Tughlaq who ruled India in the 14th century and he was called mad Tughlaq. Girish Karnad in his play has shown him as a man of opposites, the ideal and the real; the divine aspiration and the deft intrigue.
The play Tughlaq explores the series of events that led to the downfall of one of the most fascinating kings to occupy the throne in Delhi, namely, Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq. The protagonist, Mohammad bin tughlaq, known for his reformist, ‘ahead of his times’ ideas had a grand vision, but his reign was an abject failure. He started his rule with great ideals of a unified India. Yet in 20 years his reign had degenerated into an anarchy and his kingdom had become a “kitchen of death”.
Tuesday, 31 January 2017
All My Sons
All My Sons by Arthur Miller
All My Sons is a 1947 play by Arthur Miller.All My Sons, Arthur Miller's first commercial success, tells the story of an American family caught up in the struggle between personal responsibility and duty to their country. Joe Keller, a successful, self-made man has done a terrible thing: during World War II, hurriedly trying to meet an order from the Army, he knowingly sold them defective airplane parts which later caused the planes to crash and killed 21 men. He engineered his own exoneration and falsely turned in his business partner; now, his son is about to marry the partner's daughter, the affair is revisited, and his lie of a life is revealed. Joe, spending his whole life in the pursuit of wealth for the sake of his family, represents the American Dream gone wrong.
All My Sons by Arthur Miller
ONLINE discussion 2: Ancient vs Modern: Isn't it stupid to think who is better?
I think both are right to their own position. There are both are important to their own positions of society. Many time we saw that ancient is better than modern but that is not reliable truth. Sometime ancient very useful to understand many of things and then sometime modern is to help our works or many other things.
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